1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
       锟斤拷锟絯锟街诧拷锟皆猴拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟皆的高滲锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟铰囷拷锟截的革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟酵硷拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥革拷變锟斤拷锟杰憋拷锟紺锟絯锟絁锟斤拷锟斤拷危锟経锟斤拷號锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷同锟絩锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟阶癥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫兒锟斤拷胃锟絚锟斤拷锟叫的高滲锟斤拷锟杰岋拷锟铰夛拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟絚锟結锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥肺忥拷锟終锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷350 mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷槌Ｒ婏拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟絅锟給藥途锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟絩锟侥局诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟絏/锟斤拷痛锟侥等硷拷锟組锟叫測锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷討論锟斤拷锟絏/锟斤拷痛锟斤拷原锟斤拷——锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷要锟斤拷注锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟給藥锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷注锟戒）锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟絩锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰的革拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 
锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角革拷锟絏锟斤拷同锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷膫锟斤拷锟斤拷窠洠锟斤拷锟斤拷X锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟介導锟斤拷锟斤拷锟戒被锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟较匡拷锟皆分烇拷纱锟斤拷——響戯拷锟斤拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絴锟侥讹拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷響戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵燂拷碳锟斤拷臋C械锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟紿锟紿取锟絈锟节伙拷锟絎锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷也取锟絈锟斤拷注锟斤拷位锟矫★拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞猴拷注锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟酵滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟皆從硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟街ｏ拷锟绞顾拷锟斤拷M锟诫細锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩锟斤拷锟筋壓锟絪锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届）锟斤拷锟斤拷通路锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷瞬锟絩锟轿伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸1通路锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟紺械锟斤拷锟杰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解，锟杰傦拷锟侥組锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷釋凤拷ATP锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷N锟斤拷锟节的硷拷锟筋劑锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷删S锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟結锟斤拷失锟斤拷p小锟絩锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷M锟杰傦拷锟侥環(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷痛锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷Na+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟絘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷K+锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷號锟絘锟斤拷锟斤拷 
        某些藥锟斤拷锟杰夛拷锟斤拷效锟截硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絋锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷霉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭撅拷锟截和帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷類匡拷锟斤拷锟截★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟侥獻锟紷示锟截讹拷锟侥伙拷锟絎锟組锟街伙拷锟斤拷锟絴锟絚锟紷锟絅注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节刺硷拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷注锟戒部位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訒r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷10%锟斤拷脂锟斤拷锟斤拷稀釋ｏ拷锟斤拷锟杰減小锟斤拷锟絰藥锟斤拷臐锟饺ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诓锟斤拷锟�5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液稀釋革拷锟杰減小锟斤拷痛锟斤拷 
       锟紷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷要锟斤拷注锟斤拷途锟斤拷——锟斤拷锟解、皮锟铰猴拷锟給锟絵之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷注锟戒部锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟今經憋拷皮锟铰組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷童皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷图锟斤拷锟阶拷锟絙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟経锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷^锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟絚锟斤拷锟紷然锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟角岋拷锟节刺硷拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷P锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷雍锟�锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷6锟斤拷锟絘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷痛視锟絏模锟組锟絬锟街烇拷60%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷20%~92%锟斤拷,锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟�8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷痛視锟絏模锟組锟絬锟街烇拷89%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷66~100%锟斤拷锟斤拷 
锟斤拷2锟斤拷皮锟斤拷/皮锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷
        锟斤拷皮锟斤拷/皮锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟街诧拷锟教硷拷/锟斤拷痛锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷300mM锟斤拷600mM NaCl锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟教讹拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟絏模锟組锟斤拷锟巾對锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟組锟斤拷锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷0.5ml锟饺滲锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絘锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷志愿锟竭的憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺诧拷锟斤拷锟紻锟斤拷锟斤拷咬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚撓硷拷锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟酵等滲锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆得碉拷锟斤拷频慕Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟角曪拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟叫撅拷锟叫憋拷锟絍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛模锟斤拷锟斤拷 
        锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芯锟斤拷慕Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿硷拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷0.4ml锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷0.1ml锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷痛锟酵狅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷然锟絊注锟斤拷位锟矫和組锟斤拷锟斤拷偷牟锟酵拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟� 
锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷
       锟給锟絵注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷皮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷影锟�锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脫水锟斤拷锟秸縮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角低滲锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟金細帮拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖猴拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟絇锟侥癥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷菒锟斤拷摹锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕痛锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟絕锟酵等ｏ拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节勶拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟届到锟侥結锟斤拷锟角樣ｏ拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷一锟姐副锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰損锟斤拷锟绞ｏ拷锟給锟絵锟阶ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o锟絵锟阶诧拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶碉拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥高滲锟斤拷r锟铰才曪拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接讹拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷260~314mOsm/L锟斤拷712mOsm/L锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟絩锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟桔積锟绞ｏ拷注锟戒部位锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷26% vs. 22%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷802mOsm/L锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟桔積锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷48%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷920mOsm/L锟絩锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟桔積锟绞維锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷频锟剿斤拷锟�44%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一項诧拷同锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸注锟斤拷同锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟斤拷90锟斤拷829锟斤拷842锟斤拷860锟斤拷1044mOsm/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟桔積锟斤拷锟絚锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟叫很好碉拷锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1200mOsm/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1700mOsm/L锟斤拷锟絔锟杰革拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷血栓锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡猴拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷某一水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟桔積锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷平锟絖锟节★拷 
        一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶碉拷锟絃锟経锟角低等碉拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟轿何革拷锟斤拷600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絃锟経锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷芯锟揭仓э拷锟斤拷@锟斤拷锟結論锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟戒氨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷锟斤拷锟角拷锟斤拷液锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕600mOsm/L锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 
        锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟节傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟絚锟給锟絵注锟斤拷葷B锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷290mOsmol/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷796mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿革拷锟洁不锟絤锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0~6Osmol/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟饺和時锟絞锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟竭發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷1.0Osmol/kg锟絩锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷佣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷 
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节勶拷锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟斤拷^锟届到锟侥結锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟叫ｏ拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶猴拷锟斤拷痛也取锟絈锟斤拷注锟斤拷某锟斤拷m(x锟斤拷)锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，锟叫撅拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟阶發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟紹透锟绞撅拷锟叫很好碉拷锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节很好碉拷锟斤拷锟絇锟皆★拷锟紹透锟绞的讹拷锟絰锟斤拷每小锟絩注锟斤拷暮锟斤拷B透摩锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷频模锟斤拷趯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷1.0Osmol/kg锟絩锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟叫曪拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角革拷锟斤拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拢锟斤拷锟酵达拷锟�3.0Osmol/kg锟絩锟脚曪拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷 
锟斤拷4锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷/血锟杰冿拷注锟斤拷
        锟节歷史锟较ｏ拷锟竭滲锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟截癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟絪锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节低滲锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰內的戯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟紿锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖拷锟斤拷锟剿拷[锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟节的猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷芯锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷通锟絕血锟杰冿拷注锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸锟节碉拷锟角橈拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟桔勶拷锟絵注锟斤拷5ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟絔锟叫诧拷锟剿革拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷注锟斤拷5ml锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟紿锟紿锟斤拷1.6%锟侥诧拷锟剿革拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷注锟斤拷10%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷8.5%锟侥诧拷锟剿革拷锟絏锟斤拷锟絧锟饺碉拷锟叫等碉拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角濓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁病锟剿感碉拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷也越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟叫碉拷锟街碉拷谴锟絪600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟杰曪拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵达拷锟� 
2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結锟絚锟斤拷锟絟
      锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥碉拷锟叫撅拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷一些锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟侥產品锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫和減小锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷痛锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟剿匡拷锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�1锟斤拷示锟斤拷 
锟斤拷1. 锟竭滲锟斤拷傻锟接帮拷锟斤拷锟絘品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟絧小锟竭滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟侥诧拷锟斤拷

	锟絯锟解細锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)	皮锟斤拷/皮锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷o藥	锟給锟絵/血锟杰冿拷/锟斤拷锟絵
影锟�	-锟絧小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟絜 -锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟絖/锟角伙拷锟斤拷 -锟斤拷锟狡硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃/锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷	-锟斤拷锟接給藥位锟矫的刺硷拷/锟斤拷痛 -锟斤拷锟接組锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷 -锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷山M锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷	-锟斤拷锟接給藥位锟矫的刺硷拷/锟斤拷痛 -锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絒锟斤拷血锟絒锟斤拷水锟捷的發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟絔锟侥產品锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷	-锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教庯拷锟�300±30mOsm/kg -锟斤拷锟斤拷試锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿何革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷	-锟斤拷锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷300±30mOsm/kg -锟斤拷茫锟�600mOsm/kg	-锟斤拷锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷300±30mOsm/kg -小锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷液锟斤拷茫锟�1000mOs/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷液锟斤拷茫锟�500mOs/kg
锟絧小锟斤拷痛锟侥诧拷锟斤拷	锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷	-锟斤拷锟斤拷O锟剿碉拷pH/锟竭濓拷染锟斤拷_锟絵 -锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟絧锟侥給藥途锟斤拷 -锟絧小锟給藥锟絯锟絜 -使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑	-锟斤拷锟斤拷O锟剿碉拷pH/锟竭濓拷染锟斤拷_锟絵 -锟絧小輸注锟絯锟絜 -锟斤拷锟斤拷輸注锟斤拷锟斤拷 -使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑

锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟竭滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
        锟竭滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟街诧拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟狡燂拷锟斤拷锟酵达拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭恍╋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冒锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷偷锟斤拷椎谋锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脫锟斤拷锟绞★拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭猴拷锟阶癥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟絈锟节高滲锟侥程讹拷锟斤拷 
        锟斤拷同锟給藥途锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟叫的程讹拷锟狡猴拷锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷颍杭锟斤拷锟阶拷锟�>皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷>锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟窖拷軆锟阶拷锟�锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷同锟組锟斤拷锟斤拷^(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷膫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆植锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟斤拷O計锟竭滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥產品锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絔锟給藥途锟斤拷锟斤拷 
       锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟侥無锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷痛锟杰碉拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷影锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟皆別锟斤拷锟叫诧拷同锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆锟剿碉拷锟斤拷液pH锟斤拷锟斤拷4锟斤拷11锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷r锟紷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭猴拷w锟絜锟斤拷0.5ml锟斤拷锟接碉拷1.0ml锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絆計锟竭滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷a品锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟絔锟紷些锟斤拷锟截★拷 
锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷
        锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟侥獻锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷300±30mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟芥，锟斤拷锟节革拷锟絅原锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟狡勶拷锟給锟较憋拷須硷拷锟诫到藥锟斤拷a品锟叫★拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴憋拷锟斤拷貙锟斤拷锟剿庯拷锟絘品锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭★拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟狡わ拷锟阶拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟铰★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟絇锟絀锟叫旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟角ｏ拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶拷锟饺滲锟斤拷液锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接局诧拷锟斤拷血液锟斤拷锟劫ｏ拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟节勶拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟斤拷0.4ml锟侥等滲透锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷600mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟节組锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷]锟叫呈現(xi锟斤拷n)锟轿猴拷锟紷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷同锟斤拷 
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟窖拷軆锟阶拷锟斤拷注锟戒劑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷锟剿碉拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷液锟斤拷≤100ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟絔锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1000mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟铰★拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟絇锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟角ｏ拷
      锟斤拷1锟斤拷血液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷锟斤拷s320mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟接凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液之锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷712mOsm/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷計锟绞ｏ拷注锟斤拷位锟矫ｏ拷锟絔锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷760mOsm/kg锟侥高滲锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿曪拷锟叫革拷锟斤拷牟锟斤拷m锟叫和猴拷锟狡燂拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷1000mOsmol/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷液锟絩锟斤拷锟脚曪拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟戒劑锟斤拷锟斤拷100ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫戯拷锟斤拷?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷?00mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟酵碉拷锟睫度ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节高滲液锟絯輸注锟侥濓拷锟斤拷系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟皆革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟絩锟斤拷锟紷也锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷f(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟絕锟給锟絵锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵锟斤拷锟较憋拷锟叫ｏ拷注锟斤拷o藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟皆凤拷止血锟杰損锟斤拷锟斤拷 
锟斤拷3锟斤拷锟絧小锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛
       锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰ｏ拷锟竭滲藥锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰憋拷須革拷锟斤拷1000mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟絔锟斤拷锟铰诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆減小锟竭滲锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷
锟斤拷a锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷處锟斤拷锟絣锟斤拷
       锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷苿锟斤拷锟教庯拷锟斤拷锟絧H锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷4~11锟斤拷同锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷f(xi锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟絟锟斤拷pH锟侥冿拷(y锟斤拷u)锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5~9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷929mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷I锟紹(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷液锟斤拷注锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷727mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆ｏ拷pH 4.9锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟紷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
       锟斤拷锟絖锟絵锟侥濓拷葢锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟�锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟解緩锟絖锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟紸锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟戒含锟叫碉拷锟阶的等滲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫猴拷锟斤拷50mM锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷pH 7锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟�10mM锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟洁不锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷皮锟斤拷注锟戒含锟斤拷锟桔欙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷亟M锟剿紅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘锟截時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届到锟斤拷频木植锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷 
锟斤拷b锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟給藥途锟斤拷
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷討論锟斤拷锟角樣ｏ拷锟斤拷同注锟斤拷途锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟角诧拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿庯拷锟絘品锟絔锟叫帮拷全/锟斤拷效锟皆的嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟叫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的給藥途锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使注锟斤拷a锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷 
锟斤拷c锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷小锟斤拷
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷討論锟斤拷锟角橈拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟絯锟絜越小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔皮锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟絜小锟斤拷1.0ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷0.5ml锟斤拷 
锟斤拷d锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑
       锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟斤拷邼B锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷1000mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟杰夛拷锟斤拷效锟絧小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷痛锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟斤拷注锟戒劑锟絘品锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟巾實锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节高滲藥锟斤拷注锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷_注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾劑锟巾實锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷